Specifically, approach-orientedĮmotions (anger, happiness, surprise) evoked by challenge elicit vasodilation,įacilitating blood flow to skin areas, with the face becoming redder and yellower.Ĭonversely, avoidance-oriented emotions (disgust, fear, sadness), triggered by threat,Įlicit vasoconstriction, reduce blood flow to the face and, hence, incur bluer or greener Model of Challenge and Threat ( Blascovich, 2013), an experienced emotion is accompanied by certainĬardiovascular responses impacting facial skin coloration. A person flushesġ994), and turns pale experiencing fear ( Drummond, 1997). Interpersonal communication ( Thorstenson, 2018) and is suggestive of emotional states ( Thorstenson et al., 2018, 2021). Present an overview of the findings on face color–emotion associations this isĬomplemented by a brief overview of emotion associations with decontextualized color andįace Color–Emotion Associations: Biologically Engrained Face Colorationįacial coloration conveys meaningful and valuable social information that influences (culture-specific) affective meaning of the color emoticons are rendered in. Recognition of emoticons, pictorial symbols of human facial expressions, is expected toīe impacted by the evinced color–emotion associations in a human face, but also by a Instances of otherĬolor-coding schemes are also observed, although green smileys or “sad” red or orangeĮmoticons rarely seem to be used “fear” and “disgust” emoticons, in general, are lessĬommon in computer-mediated communication. Or consumers: high satisfaction is usually coded by a yellow smiley, low satisfaction by aīlue “sad” emoticon, and a “neutral” emoticon is rendered in green. On Google Images, we observe that as of quite recently, coloredĮmoticons serve as vote buttons in some surveys designed for children, or therapy clients, That systematically explored the impact of color on the semantics of the emoticon'sĪffective message. The original smileys intended to convey positive emotion, since yellow is associated withĢ013) in the US culture where emoticons were designed. Historically, emoticons with various expressions have been rendered in yellow – as were Sugimoto & Levin, 2000 Takahashi et al., 2017). Written communication (for reviews, see Aldunate & González-Ibáñez, 2017 Derks etĪl., 2008b) (ii) the variety and frequency of emoticon use in mixed-gender communicationĪnd (iii) the adequacy of emoticon comprehension in intercultural communication (e.g.,Ĭheng, 2017 Kavanagh, 2010 Park et al., 2013 Role of emoticons as socio-emotional providers in messages, among other channels of Inception, a substantial amount of research has been dedicated to investigating (i) the Inspiration for the creation of emoticons varying in both expression and design ( Tomić et al., 2014). Nonverbal means of conveying an emotional “wink,” joke, or pun. With the naissance of the Internet, this emoticon was adopted as a A “happy” emoticon originates from the predigital-era “smiley,”Ĭreated by Harvey Ball in 1969 as a yellow button with two black dots for the eyes and aĬurve for the mouth. Emoticons help toĪugment the text by conveying emotions implied in the message ( Tossell et al., 2012), or “playing catch with ![]() Nonverbal cues of real face-to-face communication ( Walther & D’Addario, 2001). In computer-mediated communication, emoticons (a portmanteau of “emotion” and “icon”) areīroadly used as pictorial “proxies” of facial expressions that serve as substitutes of ![]() Theįindings provide evidence that affective congruency of the emoticon expression and theĬolor it is rendered in facilitates recognition of the depicted emotion, augmenting the Regressed to that of achromatic expression counterparts and decontextualized color. The affective meaning of colored emoticons is Was found to be stronger when conferred in warm and cool colors, respectively, the pattern The affective meaning of Angry and Sad emoticons The conditions varied in stimulus arrays: E2: light gray emoticons E3: coloredĬircles E4 and E5: colored emoticons. In E2–E5, stimulusĪffective meaning was assessed using visual scales with anchors corresponding to eachĮmotion. In E1, colored emoticons were categorized in a 5AFC task. Four conditions (E1–E4) were employed in the lab-basedĮxperiment E5, with an additional participant sample, was an online replication of theĬritical E4. Japanese participants were presented with emoticonsĭepicting four basic emotions (Happy, Sad, Angry, Surprised) and a Neutral expression,Įach rendered in eight colors. ![]() We investigated whether color variation affects the ![]() Previous studies demonstrated that colors evoke certain affective meanings, and face color In computer-mediated communication, emoticons are conventionally rendered in yellow.
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